Apprehending The Computer Hacker: The Commission made several recommendations to the President. Many of these were constructive. ![]() They felt that it is important. Actually, these recommendations should be followed. We should. be prepared. However, the Commission also recommended changes. Fortunately, there is no clear and present danger of a massive "cyber" attack that would paralyze critical elements. We are foolish if we do not anticipate. The Internet exists today because, in the 1. However, under. the present circumstances, existing domestic laws seem adequate. There is no need to erode our civil liberties. While a massive "cyber" attack on our information handling capability. On the other hand. Millennium or Y2. Below is the list of all allocated IP address in in 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 network range, sorted by latency. 192.168.15.28, 192.168.37.7, 192.168.9.32, 192.168. Comments on this post: How to lookup a user name and machine name using an IP address (on windows) #. I have a DSL modem with a public IP address (201.206.x.x), and I have a web server in my internal network (192.168.0.50). I set up the modem to forward requests to. K computer disaster has the very. Yet, because not enough attention is being. I believe. that at this time, an all- out effort to deal with potential "cyber". Imagine that you go to your local bank to withdraw money from. A sad faced bank executive approaches you and tells. Of course, this cannot. American history, such a situation. What would you do? First. you would withdraw the remaining funds from your account, and. What next? Would you deposit the money that you were able to withdraw into. If the year were 1. You might hide your cash in a safe or even under your mattress. Why? The reason is plain. If you cannot trust the banking system. Information, data, software, novel inventions, books, plays, poetry. Authors and inventors often store such intellectual. Most intellectual property is protected. Many authors feel that. This sentiment. is noble, but it is done at the discretion of the author. The. author owns the work, and unless it is harmful to the public. On the other hand, most authors. Information stored on a computer has two attributes associated. Sensitivity is a measure. Criticality. is a measure of the damage that would occur if the information. Highly sensitive and critical. Let this trust erode sufficiently, and sensitive. We live in the information age. We depend upon computers for most. We communicate. by e- mail. We use the internet extensively. Computer users find. When we lose trust in the security of these conveniences, we will. In fact, many computer owners, in the interest. This is the real threat from hackers. It would be a real disaster if the public’s mistrust of computers. If you know that every. If you. know that every time you send unencrypted e- mail you run a severe. If. you know that leaving a live modem connected to your computer. Furthermore, if you believe that computer. PC, you would not use computers at. Of course the threat is real. Hackers can attack your system. In fact, you cannot secure your system enough to protect yourself. A hacker who wants to get in. All of your vital information, your intellectual property. Local area networks are in great danger. Using the. internet to hack into private computer systems is quite common. If you are an employer, your system can be compromised by insider. Still, hackers would not want to break into your computer. Why. would they? In order to get at your system, a hacker would need. Security is not your real concern - -. Still, even though computer burglary and vandalism is highly. Should. you stop using online banking? Should you not use your credit. Is your email private? Is hacking, like. When should you stop trusting computers to protect your privacy? The answer is when hacking becomes so prevalent that you are personally. The term "hacker" as it is currently used describes a person who. Unauthorized computer intrusion is called hacking. Such use of. telephone or other communications facilities is called phreaking. The first thing to realize is that there are people who want to. These people have different reasons for breaking through. Most. hackers invade any computer that is vulnerable. Some break into. a computer by directly accessing that computer. This is done either. However, most hackers. This is normally. A computer attached. It is more difficult. Therefore, those hackers who use modems are usually phone phreaks. This is done to avoid detection. Hackers often have direct access to computers into which they. An example would be a user that has limited privileges. Another example is a legitimate user of a multi- user computer. Yet another. example is a disgruntled employee who has become a thief, saboteur. Most often, unauthorized intrusion into restricted. Stand- alone. personal computers are often left on when their owners are not. Multi- user systems generally require a user to use a login. However, the login name is normally very. Users often use their own or family member names or birthdates. Where the password is complex, it is often written. Spoofing is the process by which a hacker gains access to a computer. Computer security systems. After logon, additional checks are rarely performed. Therefore, by feeding a minimal amount of information to the computer. Even where security is more stringent, hackers can still get in. In one instance, I encountered a security system that constantly. If the typing pattern does not match, the computer does. The user cannot accomplish anything. With this system. This is similar. to radio telegraph operators during World War II recognizing the. Morse Code pattern, or "fist," of an operative in the field who. Every telegraph operator has a "fist" pattern. Similarly, every typist has. However, in testing the system, I was. I was that user. This is an example. Another method by which a hacker can spoof is called social engineering. In this case, a hacker nicely cajoles a legitimate user into revealing. For instance, the hacker would call. The telephone company employee, trying to be helpful. Finally, hackers can get information relating to legitimate users’. It is amazing what garbage. Searching through the trash of any company. Clever hackers are very often "garbage. Hackers are often able to break into computers because of operating. UNIX is the most hacked. UNIX passwords are limited in size and. This type of. attack attempts to break- in using all possible combinations of. A more efficient. Other defects. occur where the original developers of the operating system did. For example, when too many characters were. UNIX finger command the operating system would execute the excess characters. Using this method. UNIX computer that. Fortunately, this problem was fixed. UNIX, but other defects surfaced and probably. Other operating systems that are vulnerable. VAX/VMS, WINDOWS NT and WINDOWS 9. Local area networks. Normal security measures. The phenomenal growth of the internet has been accompanied by. While a user is connected to the internet. Some computers are always. Sometimes entire local area networks. Hackers. routinely break into networks via the internet by spoofing the. Phone phreaking is the oldest form of hacking. Before computers. Sometimes. hackers would simulate the sound of coins being deposited. In. the days of the "pulse" phone, people would click the receiver. When "Touch. Tone" was introduced, hackers created devices that would create. Hackers were able to wiretap other peoples’ phones and. They were able to create. They were. able to obtain so much information about telephone company computers. Hackers were able to actually remotely. With the advent. of cellular phones, phreaking took on a new dimension. Computer. hackers began to use a combination of cellular phones and land- line. Their phone calls were virtually untraceable. Just as it is virtually impossible to secure a computer against. Cyber detectives". The "cyber police" have a number of powerful weapons. First, there are the applicable statutes. In his ‘Infojacking’. Marc Friedman stated: The first federal computer crime statute was the Computer Fraud. Abuse Act of 1. 98. CFAA), 1. 8 U. S. C. § 1. 03. 0 (1. Only. one indictment was ever made under the C. F. A. A. before it was. Under the C. F. A. A. today, it is a crime to. It is also a criminal offense to use a computer. In 1. 98. 6, Congress also passed the Electronic. Communications Privacy Act of 1. U. S. C.§§2. 51. 0- 2. ECPA). This updated the Federal Wiretap Act to apply. On October 2. 5, 1. Congress amended the ECPA by enacting. Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (1. CALEA). Other federal criminal statutes used to prosecute computer crimes. National Stolen Property Act. By the mid 1. 99. New Jersey’s laws are typical: in 1. New Jersey amended. N. J. S. A. 2. C: 2. The seriousness of the offense is measured by the value of the. Accessing a computer to commit fraudulent. The statute criminalizes wrongful access by itself and.
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